X-​OPS

 

Operations Strategy:
It is the total pattern of decisions which shape the long-term capabilities of any type of operations and their contribution to the overall strategy, through the reconciliation of market requirements with operations resources.  Furthermore, Operations strategy is the tool that helps to define the methods of producing goods or a service offered to the customer.

 

Process Design:
Process design is the design of processes for desired physical and/or chemical transformation of materials. Process design can be the design of new facilities or it can be the modification or expansion of existing facilities. The design starts at a conceptual level and ultimately ends in the form of fabrication and construction plans.

Process Design Documentation:

Process design documents serve to define the design and they ensure that the design components fit together. They are useful in communicating ideas and plans to other engineers involved with the design, to external regulatory agencies, to equipment vendors and to construction contractors.

 

In order of increasing detail, process design documents include:

·         Block Flow Diagrams (BFD): Very simple diagrams composed of rectangles and lines indicating major material or energy flows.

·         Process Flow Diagrams (PFD's): Typically more complex diagrams of major unit operations as well as flow lines. They usually include a material balance, and sometimes an energy balance, showing typical or design flow rates, stream compositions, and stream and equipment pressures and temperatures.

·         Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID's): Diagrams showing each and every pipeline with piping class (carbon steel or stainless steel) and pipe size (diameter). They also show valuing along with instrument locations and process control schemes.

·         Specifications: Written design requirements of all major equipment items.

Process designers also typically write operating manuals on how to start-up, operate and shut-down the process.

           Process Flow sheeting: It is the primary method of developing the process documents.

 

Quality:
The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.

 

Quality Assurance:
Quality assurance (QA) refers to the engineering activities implemented in a quality system so that requirements for a product or service will be fulfilled. It is the systematic measurement, comparison with a standard, monitoring of processes and an associated feedback loop that confers error prevention. This can be contrasted with quality control, which is focused on process outputs.

 

Quality Control:
A process through which a business seeks to ensure that product quality is maintained or improved and manufacturing errors are reduced or eliminated. Quality control requires the business to create an environment in which both management and employees strive for perfection. This is done by training personnel, creating benchmarks for product quality, and testing products to check for statistically significant variations.

 

Quality Improvement:
It is the action taken throughout the organization to increase the effectiveness of activities and processes to provide added benefits to both the organization and its customers. In simple terms, quality improvement is anything which causes a beneficial change in quality performance. There are two basic ways of bringing about improvement in quality performance. One is by better control and the other by raising standards.

 

Quality Management:
The act of overseeing all activities and tasks needed to maintain a desired level of excellence. This includes creating and implementing quality planning and assurance, as well as quality control and quality improvement. It is also referred to as total quality management (TQM)

 

Quality Management Systems:
Quality management system (QMS) can be expressed as the organizational structure, procedures, processes and resources needed to implement quality management.

 

Raw Materials:
A raw material or feedstock is the basic material from which goods, finished products or intermediate materials that are also feed stocks are manufactured or made.

 

Risk Management:
The process of identification, analysis and either acceptance or mitigation of uncertainty in investment decision-making.
 Risk management is a two-step process - determining what risks exist in an investment and then handling those risks in a way best-suited to your investment objectives

 

Supply Chain:
A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. Supply chain activities transform natural resources, raw materials, and components into a finished product that is delivered to the end customer.

 

Supply Chain Management:

Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of the flow of goods. It includes the movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. Interconnected or interlinked networks, channels and node businesses are involved in the provision of products and services required by end customers in a supply chain. Supply chain management has been defined as the "design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally."

SCM draws heavily from the areas of operations management, logistics, procurement, and information technology, and strives for an integrated approach.

 

Supply Chain Planning:

 Supply Chain Planning focuses on effective supply chain strategies for companies that operate globally, with an emphasis on how to plan and integrate supply chain components into a coordinated system.

 

Value:
Working from the perspective of the customer who consumes a product or service, "value" is defined as any action or process that a customer would be willing to pay for.